The updated 2022 list of critical minerals is diverse: aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barite, beryllium, bismuth, cesium, chromium, cobalt, fluorspar, gallium, germanium, graphite, hafnium, indium, iridium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, niobium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, rubidium, ruthenium, tantalum, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zinc, zirconium, and the sixteen rare earth elements (REE). The rare earths, often included as a group because they are chemically similar and commonly occur together, are often the first example used when discussing critical minerals.
- Critical Minerals Below North Dakota's Oldest Landscapes - Part I, by Levi D. Moxness
Selected Resources for Rare Earth Elements & Other Critical Minerals
REPORTS OF INVESTIGATION
| RI-134 | Critical Mineral Enrichment In Lignites Beneath The Rhame Bed (Paleocene) Of The Slope Formation In The Williston Basin Of North Dakota, by Moxness, L.D., Murphy, E.C., and Kruger, N.W., 2023. |
| RI-133 | Elevated Critical Mineral Concentrations Associated with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Golden Valley Formation, North Dakota, by Murphy, E.C., Moxness, L.D., and Kruger, N.W., 2023. |
| RI-131 | Rare Earth and Other Critical Element Concentrations in the Sentinel Butte and Bullion Creek Formations (Paleocene), Billings, McKenzie, and Golden Valley Counties, North Dakota, by Kruger, N.W., Moxness, L.D., and Murphy, E.C., 2022. |
| RI-130 | Critical Minerals in the Fox Hills (Cretaceous), Hell Creek (Cretaceous), and Ludlow (Paleocene) Formations in North Dakota, by Moxness, L.D., Murphy, E.C., and Kruger, N.W., 2022. |
| RI-128 | Rare Earth and Other Critical Element Concentrations in the Sentinel Butte Formation, Tracy Mountain, North Dakota, by Moxness, L.D., Murphy, E.C., and Kruger, N.W., 2021. |
| RI-119 | Rare Earth Element Concentrations in the Harmon, Hanson, and H Lignites in Slope County, North Dakota, by Murphy, E.C., Moxness, L.D., Kruger, N.W., and Maike, C.A., 2018. |
| RI-117 | Rare Earth Element Concentrations in Fort Union and Hell Creek Strata in Western North Dakota, by Kruger, N.W., Moxness L.D., and Murphy, E.C., 2017. |
GEO NEWS ARTICLES
| July 2023 | Critical Minerals Below North Dakota's Ancient Subtropical Soils - Part II, by Moxness, L.D. |
| January 2023 | Critical Minerals Below North Dakota’s Oldest Landscapes - Part I, by Moxness, L.D. |
| July 2022 | Lithium Exploration in the Williston Basin and the Potential of Madison Brine Waters in Western North Dakota, by Nesheim, T.O. |
| January 2021 | Critical Minerals in North Dakota, by Moxness, L.D. |
| January 2021 | Estimating Rare Earth Concentrations, by Kruger, N.W. |
| July 2019 | Helium Listed as a Critical Mineral, by Kruger, N.W. |
| January 2019 | Rare Earth Study, by Murphy, E.C. |
| January 2017 | Rare Earths in Coal, by Kruger, N.W. |
| January 2015 | A "Rare" Opportunity, by Kruger, N.W. |